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An Enterprise Risk Management Framework guides how South African organizations identify, assess, and handle risks across their operations. It aligns with key regulations like King IV and the Companies Act, helping businesses protect value while meeting their compliance duties.

The framework sets out clear processes for risk oversight, reporting lines, and control measures. It covers everything from financial and operational risks to emerging threats like cybersecurity and climate change. By following this structured approach, companies can make better decisions about which risks to accept, transfer, or mitigate through insurance and other controls.

Companies need an Enterprise Risk Management Framework when expanding operations, entering new markets, or facing increased regulatory scrutiny in South Africa. It becomes essential during major organizational changes, like mergers or new product launches, where risk profiles shift significantly and require structured oversight.

The framework proves particularly valuable when preparing for JSE listings, during board reporting cycles, or when dealing with complex compliance requirements under King IV. It helps organizations respond effectively to emerging threats, from cyber incidents to supply chain disruptions, while maintaining operational stability and stakeholder confidence.

• Strategic ERM Framework: Focuses on high-level organizational risks and aligns with King IV governance requirements, typically used by JSE-listed companies
• Operational Risk Framework: Targets day-to-day business processes, internal controls, and compliance with South African regulatory standards
• Industry-Specific Framework: Tailored for sectors like mining, financial services, or healthcare, incorporating unique regulatory requirements and risk factors
• Integrated Assurance Framework: Combines risk management with internal audit functions, supporting a coordinated approach to risk oversight
• Crisis Management Framework: Emphasizes rapid response protocols and business continuity planning for severe risk events

• Board of Directors: Approves and oversees the Enterprise Risk Management Framework, ensuring alignment with King IV governance principles
• Risk Committee: Develops and monitors the framework's implementation, reporting directly to the board on risk matters
• Chief Risk Officer: Manages daily framework operations, coordinates risk assessments, and maintains risk registers
• Department Heads: Implement framework controls within their units and report on risk indicators
• Internal Auditors: Provide independent assurance on framework effectiveness and compliance
• External Stakeholders: Include regulators, shareholders, and rating agencies who rely on framework disclosures

• Risk Assessment: Document current business operations, industry risks, and regulatory requirements under South African law
• Stakeholder Input: Gather insights from department heads, risk committee members, and key personnel about operational risks
• Control Environment: Map existing risk controls, reporting structures, and compliance processes
• Resource Review: Evaluate available technology, staff capacity, and budget for framework implementation
• Governance Structure: Define clear roles, responsibilities, and reporting lines aligned with King IV principles
• Documentation System: Set up processes for risk reporting, incident tracking, and framework updates

• Governance Statement: Clear alignment with King IV principles and relevant South African regulations
• Risk Appetite Declaration: Defined risk tolerance levels and assessment criteria
• Roles and Responsibilities: Detailed accountability matrix for board, management, and staff
• Risk Assessment Process: Methodology for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks
• Control Measures: Specific risk mitigation strategies and control mechanisms
• Reporting Framework: Required frequency and format of risk reporting
• Review Procedures: Timeline and process for framework updates and effectiveness reviews
• Compliance Requirements: References to relevant legislation and industry standards

While both documents address risk management, an Enterprise Risk Management Framework differs significantly from a Risk Management Policy. Let's explore the key distinctions:

• Scope and Purpose: The Framework provides a comprehensive structure for managing all organizational risks, while the Policy outlines specific rules and procedures for risk handling
• Hierarchy: The Framework serves as the overarching system that houses multiple policies and procedures, including the Risk Management Policy
• Implementation Level: The Framework operates at a strategic level, defining broad principles and approaches, while the Policy functions at an operational level with specific guidelines
• Review Cycle: Frameworks typically undergo less frequent reviews (2-3 years) than Policies (annual reviews common)
• Compliance Focus: The Framework aligns with King IV's broader governance requirements, while Policies target specific regulatory or operational compliance needs