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Convertible Loan Agreement for the United Kingdom

Convertible Loan Agreement Template for United States

A Convertible Loan Agreement is a legal document governed by U.S. federal and state securities laws that establishes the terms under which a lender provides financing to a company with the right to convert the loan into equity shares under specified conditions. This agreement typically includes provisions for interest rates, maturity dates, conversion triggers, valuation caps, and discount rates. It serves as a hybrid instrument combining elements of debt and equity, commonly used in early-stage financing where company valuation may be difficult to determine.

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What is a Convertible Loan Agreement?

The Convertible Loan Agreement is a fundamental financing instrument in the U.S. startup ecosystem, particularly useful when traditional equity valuation is challenging or premature. This document type emerged as a solution to bridge financing needs while deferring complex valuation discussions. The agreement allows companies to receive immediate funding while giving investors the opportunity to convert their investment into equity at a later date, typically during a subsequent financing round. Under U.S. securities laws, these agreements must comply with federal and state regulations regarding private placements and securities offerings. The document details conversion mechanics, interest rates, maturity dates, and typically includes protective provisions for both parties. Companies often use Convertible Loan Agreements as an alternative to straight equity financing, particularly during seed or bridge funding rounds.

What sections should be included in a Convertible Loan Agreement?

1. Parties: Identification of lender and borrower with full legal names and addresses

2. Background/Recitals: Context of the loan, purpose, and basic structure of the transaction

3. Definitions: Key terms used throughout the agreement including Conversion Price, Maturity Date, Qualifying Financing, etc.

4. Loan Amount and Terms: Principal amount, interest rate, and repayment terms

5. Conversion Rights: Terms and conditions for converting the loan into equity

6. Conversion Mechanics: Process and procedures for executing the conversion

7. Representations and Warranties: Standard statements about legal status and authority

8. Events of Default: Circumstances constituting default and remedies

9. General Provisions: Standard boilerplate clauses including notices, amendments, governing law

What sections are optional to include in a Convertible Loan Agreement?

1. Security: Terms of any collateral securing the loan - include when the loan is secured

2. Information Rights: Lender's rights to company information - include for sophisticated investors requiring ongoing information

3. Pre-emptive Rights: Right to participate in future funding rounds - include for strategic investors

4. Board Observer Rights: Right to attend board meetings - include for major investors

What schedules should be included in a Convertible Loan Agreement?

1. Form of Conversion Notice: Template notice for exercising conversion rights

2. Cap Table: Current capitalization of the company

3. Term Sheet: Summary of key commercial terms

4. Corporate Authorizations: Board and shareholder resolutions authorizing the loan

5. Disclosure Schedule: Exceptions to representations and warranties

Authors

Alex Denne

Head of Growth (Open Source Law) @ Ƶ | 3 x UCL-Certified in Contract Law & Drafting | 4+ Years Managing 1M+ Legal Documents | Serial Founder & Legal AI Author

Jurisdiction

United States

Publisher

Ƶ

Document Type

Agreement Contract

Cost

Free to use
Clauses






















Industries

Securities Act of 1933: Federal law governing private placement exemptions (Section 4(a)(2) and Regulation D) and registration requirements for securities offerings

Securities Exchange Act of 1934: Federal law regulating secondary market trading and ongoing reporting requirements for securities

State Blue Sky Laws: State-specific securities regulations including registration requirements, exemptions, and usury laws regarding interest rates

Delaware General Corporation Law: Corporate law framework if the company is incorporated in Delaware, governing corporate authorization and structural requirements

Internal Revenue Code: Federal tax provisions covering debt vs. equity classification, Original Issue Discount (OID) rules, and tax treatment of interest payments and conversion features

Uniform Commercial Code: Particularly Article 9 governing secured transactions and perfection requirements if security is provided

Federal Reserve Regulations: Including Regulation D for capital requirements and margin regulations where applicable

Investment Company Act: Federal law governing investment companies and potential implications for convertible securities

Banking Regulations: State and federal lending regulations and licensing requirements for lending activities

U.S. Bankruptcy Code: Federal law governing subordination provisions and treatment of convertible securities in bankruptcy proceedings

Teams

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