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An Operating Agreement lays out the ground rules for how your LLC or company runs in the UAE. It spells out key details like how profits get shared, who makes decisions, and what happens if someone wants to leave the business. For UAE businesses, these agreements need to align with both Federal Law No. 2 of 2015 and local emirate regulations.

Think of it as your company's playbook - it helps prevent disputes by clearly stating everyone's roles, rights, and responsibilities. While not legally required in all UAE free zones, having one is especially smart when you have multiple business partners or want to operate differently from standard UAE company defaults. It also makes things smoother when dealing with local authorities and banks.

Put an Operating Agreement in place when starting a new LLC or partnership in the UAE, especially before money starts flowing or major decisions need to be made. This timing helps prevent future conflicts by establishing clear rules while everyone's still aligned. It's particularly crucial when launching with multiple partners, bringing in investors, or setting up complex profit-sharing arrangements.

Create one immediately if you're entering the UAE mainland market or specific free zones like DMCC or JAFZA, where business structures can get complicated. The agreement becomes extra valuable during key moments: adding new partners, expanding operations, or when local regulations require detailed documentation of internal company governance.

• Single Member LLC Operating Agreement: Streamlined version for solo entrepreneurs, focusing on liability protection and business continuity in UAE free zones.
• Multi Member LLC Operating Agreement: Comprehensive agreement covering partner relationships, voting rights, and profit sharing for multiple owners.
• Manager Managed LLC Operating Agreement: Designed for businesses where professional managers run daily operations while owners remain passive investors.
• Sole Proprietorship Operating Agreement: Simplified structure for individual business owners, particularly suited for UAE mainland operations.
• LLC Agreement: Standard template adaptable for various business sizes, commonly used in UAE free zones and mainland establishments.

• Business Owners/Partners: Primary users who establish and sign the Operating Agreement, defining their rights, responsibilities, and profit shares in UAE enterprises.
• Company Managers: Execute daily operations according to the agreement's terms, especially in manager-managed LLCs common in UAE free zones.
• Legal Consultants: Draft and review agreements to ensure compliance with UAE Federal Law and specific free zone regulations.
• Banks and Financial Institutions: Reference these agreements when opening corporate accounts or evaluating business loans.
• Free Zone Authorities: Review Operating Agreements during company registration and license renewals to verify governance structure.

• Company Details: Gather trade license, registration documents, and chosen business structure for UAE mainland or free zone operation.
• Ownership Structure: List all members' names, Emirates ID numbers, and their respective ownership percentages.
• Capital Contributions: Document initial investments, both monetary and non-monetary, from each partner.
• Management Setup: Define decision-making processes, voting rights, and day-to-day operational responsibilities.
• Profit Distribution: Specify how profits and losses will be shared among members, aligned with UAE corporate laws.
• Exit Strategy: Plan procedures for member withdrawal, company dissolution, or ownership transfer in compliance with local regulations.

• Company Identity: Legal name, trade license number, and registered address in UAE jurisdiction.
• Member Information: Full details of all partners, including Emirates ID numbers and ownership percentages.
• Capital Structure: Initial investments, capital accounts, and contribution requirements per UAE Companies Law.
• Management Rights: Decision-making authority, voting procedures, and meeting protocols.
• Profit Distribution: Clear formula for sharing profits/losses aligned with UAE tax regulations.
• Transfer Provisions: Rules for selling ownership interests and admitting new members.
• Dispute Resolution: Arbitration procedures following UAE Federal Law No. 6 of 2018.
• Dissolution Terms: Process for winding up operations under local commercial regulations.

An Operating Agreement differs significantly from a Consortium Agreement in several key ways, though both are used in UAE business contexts. While Operating Agreements govern the internal workings of a single LLC or company, Consortium Agreements coordinate multiple independent entities working together on specific projects.

• Scope and Duration: Operating Agreements are permanent frameworks for ongoing business operations, while Consortium Agreements typically cover specific projects or limited time periods.
• Legal Structure: Operating Agreements create a single legal entity under UAE law, whereas Consortium Agreements maintain separate legal identities of participating companies.
• Financial Management: Operating Agreements detail profit sharing and capital contributions for one company, while Consortium Agreements focus on project-specific cost and revenue allocation.
• Decision Making: Operating Agreements establish permanent governance structures, but Consortium Agreements usually create temporary joint management committees for specific objectives.